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转换字符串为DateTime

Tags: /超级猛料/Date.Time.时间和日期/   Date Created:
转换字符串为DateTime
Date String (any format) to TDateTime    
DateTimeStrEval()
Product:
Delphi 5.x (or higher) Category:
Object Pascal Skill Level:
Scoring:
Last Update:
11/05/2002
Search Keys:
delphi delphi3000 article "Format DateTime" "string to date" "string to time" Times Scored:
3 Visits:
1143
Uploader: Mike Heydon
Company: EOH Reference: mheydon@pgbison.co.za
 
Question/Problem/Abstract:
When extracting data from text or other operating systems the format of date strings can vary dramatically. Borland function StrToDateTime() converts a string to a TDateTime value, but it is limited to the fact that the string parameter must be in the format of the current locale 's date/time format.
eg. "MM/DD/YY HH:MM:SS"
This is of little use when extracting dates such as ..
 1)  "Friday 18 October 2002 08:34am (45 secs)"
 2)  "20020431"
 3)  "12.Nov.03"
 4)  "14 Hour 31 Minute 25 Second 321 MSecs"
This function will evaluate a DateTime string in accordance to the DateTime specifier format string supplied. The following specifiers are supported ...
dd      the day as a number with a leading zero or space (01-31).
ddd    the day as an abbreviation (Sun-Sat)
dddd  the day as a full name (Sunday-Saturday)
mm    the month as a number with a leading zero or space (01-12).
mmm  the month as an abbreviation (Jan-Dec)
mmmm the month as a full name (January-December)
yy        the year as a two-digit number (00-99).
yyyy    the year as a four-digit number (0000-9999).
hh       the hour with a leading zero or space (00-23)
nn       the minute with a leading zero or space (00-59).
ss       the second with a leading zero or space (00-59).
zzz     the millisecond with a leading zero (000-999).
ampm  Specifies am or pm flag hours (0..12)
ap       Specifies a or p flag hours (0..12)
NOTE : One assumption I have to make is that DAYS, MONTHS,  
           HOURS and MINUTES have a leading ZERO or
           SPACE (ie. are 2 chars long) and MILLISECONDS are 3  
           chars long (ZERO or SPACE padded)
Using function
DateTimeStrEval(const DateTimeFormat : string;
                        const DateTimeStr : string) : TDateTime;
The above Examples (1..4) can be evaluated as ...
(Assume DT1 to DT3 equals example strings 1..4)
1)  DateTimeStrEval('dddd dd mmmm yyyy hh:nnampm (ss xxxx)',DT1);
2)  DateTimeStrEval('yyyymmdd',DT2);
3)  DateTimeStrEval('dd-mmm-yy',DT3);
4) DateTimeStrEval('hh xxxx nn xxxxxx ss xxxxxx zzz xxxxx',DT4);
// =============================================================================
// Evaluate a date time string into a TDateTime obeying the
// rules of the specified DateTimeFormat string
// eg. DateTimeStrEval('dd-MMM-yyyy hh:nn','23-May-2002 12:34)
//
// NOTE : One assumption I have to make that DAYS,MONTHS,HOURS and
//        MINUTES have a leading ZERO or SPACE (ie. are 2 chars long)
//        and MILLISECONDS are 3 chars long (ZERO or SPACE padded)
//
// Supports DateTimeFormat Specifiers
//
// dd    the day as a number with a leading zero or space (01-31).
// ddd the day as an abbreviation (Sun-Sat)
// dddd the day as a full name (Sunday-Saturday)
// mm    the month as a number with a leading zero or space (01-12).
// mmm the month as an abbreviation (Jan-Dec)
// mmmm the month as a full name (January-December)
// yy    the year as a two-digit number (00-99).
// yyyy the year as a four-digit number (0000-9999).
// hh    the hour with a leading zero or space (00-23)
// nn    the minute with a leading zero or space (00-59).
// ss    the second with a leading zero or space (00-59).
// zzz the millisecond with a leading zero (000-999).
// ampm  Specifies am or pm flag hours (0..12)
// ap    Specifies a or p flag hours (0..12)
//
//
// Delphi 6 Specific in DateUtils can be translated to ....
//
// YearOf()
//
// function YearOf(const AValue: TDateTime): Word;
// var LMonth, LDay : word;
// begin
//   DecodeDate(AValue,Result,LMonth,LDay);
// end;
//
// TryEncodeDateTime()
//
// function TryEncodeDateTime(const AYear,AMonth,ADay,AHour,AMinute,ASecond,
//                            AMilliSecond : word;
//                            out AValue : TDateTime): Boolean;
// var LTime : TDateTime;
// begin
//   Result := TryEncodeDate(AYear, AMonth, ADay, AValue);
//   if Result then begin
//     Result := TryEncodeTime(AHour, AMinute, ASecond, AMilliSecond, LTime);
//     if Result then
//       AValue := AValue + LTime;
//   end;
// end;
//
// =============================================================================
function DateTimeStrEval(const DateTimeFormat : string;
                        const DateTimeStr : string) : TDateTime;
var i,ii,iii : integer;
   Retvar : TDateTime;
   Tmp,
   Fmt,Data,Mask,Spec : string;
   Year,Month,Day,Hour,
   Minute,Second,MSec : word;
   AmPm : integer;
begin
 Year := 1;
 Month := 1;
 Day := 1;
 Hour := 0;
 Minute := 0;
 Second := 0;
 MSec := 0;
 Fmt := UpperCase(DateTimeFormat);
 Data := UpperCase(DateTimeStr);
 i := 1;
 Mask := '';
 AmPm := 0;
 while i < length(Fmt) do begin
   if Fmt[i] in ['A','P','D','M','Y','H','N','S','Z'] then begin
     // Start of a date specifier
     Mask  := Fmt[i];
     ii := i + 1;
     // Keep going till not valid specifier
     while true do begin
       if ii > length(Fmt) then Break; // End of specifier string
       Spec := Mask + Fmt[ii];
       if (Spec = 'DD') or (Spec = 'DDD') or (Spec = 'DDDD') or
          (Spec = 'MM') or (Spec = 'MMM') or (Spec = 'MMMM') or
          (Spec = 'YY') or (Spec = 'YYY') or (Spec = 'YYYY') or
          (Spec = 'HH') or (Spec = 'NN') or (Spec = 'SS') or
          (Spec = 'ZZ') or (Spec = 'ZZZ') or
          (Spec = 'AP') or (Spec = 'AM') or (Spec = 'AMP') or
          (Spec = 'AMPM') then begin
         Mask := Spec;
         inc(ii);
       end
       else begin
         // End of or Invalid specifier
         Break;
       end;
     end;
     // Got a valid specifier ? - evaluate it from data string
     if (Mask <> '') and (length(Data) > 0) then begin
       // Day 1..31
       if (Mask = 'DD') then begin
          Day := StrToIntDef(trim(copy(Data,1,2)),0);
          delete(Data,1,2);
       end;
       // Day Sun..Sat (Just remove from data string)
       if Mask = 'DDD' then delete(Data,1,3);
       // Day Sunday..Saturday (Just remove from data string LEN)
       if Mask = 'DDDD' then begin
         Tmp := copy(Data,1,3);
         for iii := 1 to 7 do begin
           if Tmp = Uppercase(copy(LongDayNames[iii],1,3)) then begin
             delete(Data,1,length(LongDayNames[iii]));
             Break;
           end;
         end;
       end;
       // Month 1..12
       if (Mask = 'MM') then begin
          Month := StrToIntDef(trim(copy(Data,1,2)),0);
          delete(Data,1,2);
       end;
       // Month Jan..Dec
       if Mask = 'MMM' then begin
         Tmp := copy(Data,1,3);
         for iii := 1 to 12 do begin
           if Tmp = Uppercase(copy(LongMonthNames[iii],1,3)) then begin
             Month := iii;
             delete(Data,1,3);
             Break;
           end;
         end;
       end;
       // Month January..December
       if Mask = 'MMMM' then begin
         Tmp := copy(Data,1,3);
         for iii := 1 to 12 do begin
           if Tmp = Uppercase(copy(LongMonthNames[iii],1,3)) then begin
             Month := iii;
             delete(Data,1,length(LongMonthNames[iii]));
             Break;
           end;
         end;
       end;
       // Year 2 Digit
       if Mask = 'YY' then begin
         Year := StrToIntDef(copy(Data,1,2),0);
         delete(Data,1,2);
         if Year < TwoDigitYearCenturyWindow then
           Year := (YearOf(Date) div 100) * 100 + Year
         else
           Year := (YearOf(Date) div 100 - 1) * 100 + Year;
       end;
       // Year 4 Digit
       if Mask = 'YYYY' then begin
         Year := StrToIntDef(copy(Data,1,4),0);
         delete(Data,1,4);
       end;
       // Hours
       if Mask = 'HH' then begin
          Hour := StrToIntDef(trim(copy(Data,1,2)),0);
          delete(Data,1,2);
       end;
       // Minutes
       if Mask = 'NN' then begin
          Minute := StrToIntDef(trim(copy(Data,1,2)),0);
          delete(Data,1,2);
       end;
       // Seconds
       if Mask = 'SS' then begin
          Second := StrToIntDef(trim(copy(Data,1,2)),0);
          delete(Data,1,2);
       end;
       // Milliseconds
       if (Mask = 'ZZ') or (Mask = 'ZZZ') then begin
          MSec := StrToIntDef(trim(copy(Data,1,3)),0);
          delete(Data,1,3);
       end;
       // AmPm A or P flag
       if (Mask = 'AP') then begin
          if Data[1] = 'A' then
            AmPm := -1
          else
            AmPm := 1;
          delete(Data,1,1);
       end;
       // AmPm AM or PM flag
       if (Mask = 'AM') or (Mask = 'AMP') or (Mask = 'AMPM') then begin
          if copy(Data,1,2) = 'AM' then
            AmPm := -1
          else
            AmPm := 1;
          delete(Data,1,2);
       end;
       Mask := '';
       i := ii;
     end;
   end
   else begin
     // Remove delimiter from data string
     if length(Data) > 1 then delete(Data,1,1);
     inc(i);
   end;
 end;
 if AmPm = 1 then Hour := Hour + 12;
 if not TryEncodeDateTime(Year,Month,Day,Hour,Minute,Second,MSec,Retvar) then
   Retvar := 0.0;
 Result := Retvar;
end;